Core Areas

Data Collection & Sampling Methods

• Surveys, Experiments, Observational Studies
• Bias, Randomness, Sampling Techniques

Descriptive Statistics

• Mean, Median, Mode, Range, Variance, Standard Deviation
• Boxplots, Histograms, Cumulative Frequency

Probability Theory

• Theoretical vs. Experimental Probability
• Conditional Probability, Independent Events

Distributions

• Binomial, Poisson, and Normal Distributions
• Z-scores, Standard Normal Curve

Correlation & Regression Analysis

• Scatter Diagrams, Pearson’s Correlation, Linear Regression

Inferential Statistics

• Confidence Intervals, Hypothesis Testing (Z-test, t-test, Chi-square)

Time Series Analysis (Advanced Level)

• Moving Averages, Trend Analysis, Forecasting

Statistical Tools & Software

• SPSS, R, Excel, Python (Pandas/NumPy)